Evil, Freedom and Divine Wisdom

The problem of evil asks how suffering and wrongdoing relate to divine power, knowledge and wisdom. Distinguish moral evil arising from human action from suffering associated with natural processes, and distinguish the logical claim of contradiction from an evidential argument about probability. A free-will defence addresses some moral evils but does not by itself explain every instance of suffering. Sunni discussions of divine creation, human acquisition and accountability must not be flattened into the claim that suffering is always a punishment. A responsible answer admits the limits of human knowledge and does not dismiss victims' pain.