Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad

Module 01Lesson 01

What is Ilm al-Kalam?

Foundations of Sunni Theology · Lesson 1

01Learning Outcomes
  • Define Ilm al-Kalam.
  • Understand the purpose of Ilm al-Kalam.
  • Identify the four major subjects discussed in theology.
  • Explain why theology is important for every Muslim.
02Primary Text
ومقصود هذا العلم إقامة البرهان على وجود الرب تعالى وصفاته وأفعاله وصدق الرسل
ومقصود هذا العلم إقامة البرهان على وجود الرب تعالى وصفاته وأفعاله وصدق الرسل كما فصلناه في الفهرست. وكل ذلك مهم لا محيص عنه لعاقل.
03Translation

The purpose of this science is to establish proof for Allah, His attributes, His actions, and the truthfulness of the Messengers.

04Explanation

Every Muslim believes in Allah, His Prophets, His Books, the Angels, and the Hereafter. However, throughout history many questions have been raised: • Does Allah exist? • How do we know He exists? • What are Allah's attributes? • Why did Allah send Prophets? • How can we know a Prophet is truthful? • What happens after death? Ilm al-Kalam is the science that studies these questions and establishes the truth of Islamic beliefs through evidence and reasoning. According to Imam al-Ghazali, the purpose of this science is not argument for its own sake. Its purpose is to establish certainty regarding the existence of Allah, the attributes of Allah, the actions of Allah, and the truthfulness of the Messengers. These four subjects form the foundation of Islamic theology.

Why Study This Concept?

Understanding this principle builds rigorous critical thinking and analytical reasoning.

05Examples

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06Key Vocabulary
01قال الإمام الغزالي رحمه الله
The purpose of this science is to establish proof for the existence of the Lord, His attributes, His actions, and the truthfulness of the Messengers. All of this is essential for every rational person.
07Lesson Summary
  • Ilm al-Kalam is the science of Islamic theology.
  • It establishes Islamic beliefs through evidence and reasoning.
  • Imam al-Ghazali states that its purpose is to prove Allah's existence, attributes, actions, and the truthfulness of the Messengers.
  • These four subjects form the foundation of Sunni theology.
  • Ilm al-Kalam helps Muslims understand and defend their faith with confidence.